Iterambere ryaGuhinduranya
Mu bihugu by’amahanga, guhinduranya bizunguruka ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu kubumba plastiki. Mu myaka ya za 1940, paste ya PVC yakoreshejwe mu gukora ibikinisho nk'imipira ya pulasitike binyuze mu kuzunguruka. Mu myaka ya za 1950, uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibinyabuzima bya polyethylene hakoreshejwe ifu ya polyethylene nkeya cyane nkibikoresho fatizo byatejwe imbere kugirango bitange umusaruro winganda nkibigega byabitswe na polyethylene hamwe nu miyoboro minini, byateje imbere cyane iterambere ryibikorwa byo kuzunguruka. Kuva icyo gihe, nylon, polyakarubone, ABS nandi plastiki nabyo byahinduwe nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka. Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, kuzunguruka byari bimaze kuba inzira nini yo kubumba plastiki.
Mu 1971, mu Bwongereza hari amasosiyete arenga 50 yagize uruhare mu gukora ibicuruzwa bizunguruka mu Bwongereza, hamwe n’abakora inganda zigera kuri 70 zikora ibintu bizunguruka; Hariho amasosiyete arenga 20 akora ibikorwa byo gutunganya ibizunguruka ku mugabane w’Uburayi, harimo n’amasosiyete yo mu Budage, Ubufaransa, Ubusuwisi, Noruveje, Otirishiya, Danemarke n’ibindi bihugu.
Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Ubwongereza bwashoboye gutanga imashini ibumba imashini ishobora gukora kontineri ifite ubushobozi bwa 18000L; Ubuholandi bwakoze ikigega kinini cya silindrike gifite umurambararo wa 2,1m n'uburebure bwa 4.8m. Ikigega gifite 540kg naho uburebure bwurukuta ni 25mm. Mu 1970, igiteranyo cy’ibicuruzwa bizunguruka mu Burayi byageze kuri 15000t, harimo nka 7000t mu Bwongereza.
Mu 1970, ibice birenga 500 muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika byagize uruhare mu gukora ibicuruzwa bizunguruka. Bafite abarenga 500imashini izunguruka, kandi ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kuzunguruka byari byarenze 10000 L (litiro 2400); Ibice bya plastike ntarengwa byakozwe na mashini ibumba ni 4.6× ingingo enye× 2.1m。
Mu myaka ya za 1960, iterambere ryihuse rya tekinoroji yo guhinduranya ifitanye isano rya bugufi no kunoza imitungo ya resin n'ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka. Muri kiriya gihe, hateguwe plastiki nyinshi zidasanzwe zo guhinduranya, nka PE P-320, Raychem Flamolin 771 hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya polyethylene byakozwe na United Carburization Company. FE P-320 ni ubwoko bwa polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke, bufite imikorere myiza yo gutembera neza kwa poliethylene nkeya hamwe nubushyuhe buke bw’ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti no guhangayikishwa no guhangana na polietilen nyinshi; Raychems F1amo1in 711 numuyoboro uhuza polyethylene kugirango uhindurwe. Usibye guhuzwa, ifite no kuzimya umutungo. Icyamamare kizwi cyane cyerekana polyethylene resin Marlex Cl-100 ya Philips nayo yakozwe muri iki gihe.
Kugirango uhuze ibikenewe byo gutegura bininiibicuruzwa bizunguruka, imashini nyinshi zishobora gukora ibicuruzwa binini bizunguruka byakozwe mu mpera za za 1960, zishobora gukoresha neza umwanya wubutaka nimbaraga zubushyuhe. Mu 1970, ibice birenga ica kabiri c'imashini zibumba zacururizwaga ku isoko zari zifite umuzenguruko uzunguruka urenga 1.75m. Mubyongeyeho, urwego rwo kugenzura imashini narwo rwahinduwe kuburyo butandukanye. Kurugero, imashini eshatu zuzunguruka zifata imashini McNeil Auronismodel 3000-200 irashobora kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha buri kiganza ukwacyo, kugirango ibicuruzwa bifite ubunini nibikoresho bitandukanye bishobora guhinduka icyarimwe. Diameter yacyo izenguruka igera kuri 5m, kandi uburemere bwuzuye bwububiko na resin buri kuboko bushobora kwihanganira ni 13500N; Imashini yubwoko bwa jacket ifite imashini nziza yo kohereza ubushyuhe hamwe nubutaka buto nabwo bwarakozwe kandi bukozwe muri iki gihe.
Iterambere nubushakashatsi byuburyo bwo guhinduranya mubushinwa nabyo bishobora guhera mu myaka ya za 1960. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1960, inganda zikinisha ibikinisho bya Shanghai zari zatangiye gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka kugirango zivemo pellet yoroshye ya PVC buri mwaka; Igihingwa cya gatatu cya Shangsu Plastics cyagerageje gutsinda 200L na 1500L umuzingo wabumbwe na polyethylene; Mu myaka ya za 70 rwagati, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Beijing FRP cyateje imbere icyuma cya plastiki nylon kizunguruka kandi kikayishyira mu kizimyamwoto cy’amashyamba n’ibindi bicuruzwa. Nyamara, umusaruro munini munini winganda zaje nyuma yo gutangiza iterambereKuzungurukaibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga biva mu mahanga hagati na nyuma ya za 1980. Kugeza ubu, yashoboye gutegura ibicuruzwa binini bya pulasitike nk'ibigega byo kubika imiti bifite ubushobozi bwa kontineri irenga 20000L hamwe na plastiki ndende ya yachta yose.
Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzunguruka
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo guhinduranya, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bizunguruka byaguwe ubudahwema. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bizunguruka byabaye byinshi cyane. Porogaramu zimwe zihagarariye zishobora gutanga urugero kuburyo bukurikira.
1. Ibice bya pulasitike bizunguruka kubintu
Ubu bwoko bwa plastike bukoreshwa cyane mubigega byo kubika amazi, ibigega bivura imiti itandukanye (nka aside, alkali, umunyu, ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko, nibindi), ibikoresho bya lisansi (ibigega bya lisansi n'ibigega bya lisansi kumodoka nindege), ibishishwa bya batiri, nibindi
Ikoresha cyane cyane polyethylene na polyvinyl chloride paste resin, hamwe no kuzunguruka ibumba imiyoboro itandukanye, nk'inkokora yumuyaga, inyuma, amaboko, nibindi.
3.Ibikoresho bya siporo nabasimbuye batandukanye
Hariho cyane cyane ibice bitandukanye bya PVC paste roto ibumbabumbwe, nka polo yamazi, umupira ureremba, intebe yamagare, ubwato buto hamwe nicyuma gikurura ubwato hagati yubwato. Ikibumbano cya rotogramme gihujwe na polyethylene ikozwe mu giti cya Philips 'rotogrammed crosslinked polyethylene "Maricxcl-100 ″ irashobora guhangana na barriel yicyuma, kandi ifite imiti myiza yo kwangirika kwangirika hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kubungabunga. Inzira yo guhinduranya palletizing yagurishijwe muri Amerika, Ubuyapani no mubindi bihugu mu ntangiriro ya za 70; Ibibaho, ubwato, nibindi nabyo ni ibice byabumbwe bikunze kuvugwa mubitabo.
4. Ibikinisho, icyitegererezo, ubukorikori, nibindi
Kuberako ifumbire izunguruka irashobora gukorwa nogukora neza, electroforming nibindi bikorwa; Ubuso bwibice byahinduwe bifite ingaruka nziza "kopi" kumiterere myiza yubuso bwububiko. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo guhinduranya uburyo bushobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi byiza. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa kenshi mugukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye ko kureba, cyane cyaneibikinisho, icyitegererezo, ubukorikori, n'ibindi.
5. Usibye hejuru yavuzwe haruguru, hari nibindi bitandukanyeagasanduku, ibishishwa, imiyoboro minini nibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyaneibicuruzwa bizunguruka, nk'amasanduku yo kugurisha,amabati, ibishishwa byimashini, ibipfukisho birinda, amatara, ubwiherero, ubwiherero, ibyumba bya terefone, ubwato, nibindi.
Ibicuruzwa bizunguruka byakoreshejwe cyane mububiko bwimiti n’ubwikorezi, inganda zikora imiti, inganda,gukaraban'ibigega bya reaction mugutegura isi idasanzwe, kimwe ninzuzi nainyanja, murugoibigega by'amazin'indi mirima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2022